ERDbuilder

ERDbuilder creates Entity-Relationship Diagrams (ERDs) directly from R data frames.

The package provides tools to:

inspect a named list of data frames and suggest possible relationships;
create an ERD specification using table names, join columns, and cardinalities;
validate the ERD structure and compare declared relationships with the observed data;
render the ERD as an interactive diagram; and
join tables using the relationships stored in the ERD.

Installation

You can install the development version of ERDbuilder from GitHub:

remotes::install_github("gbasulto/ERDbuilder")

Then load the package:

library(ERDbuilder)

Recommended workflow

A typical ERDbuilder workflow consists of six steps:

Place the data frames in a named list.
Use suggest_relationships() to identify likely relationships.
Review and, when necessary, edit the suggested relationships.
Create an ERD object with create_erd().
Check the ERD with validate_erd().
Render the ERD or use it to join tables.

Define dataframes for example:


# Create dataframe "employees"
employees <- data.frame(
  emp_id = c(1, 2, 3),
  name = c("Alice", "Bob", "Charlie")
)

# Create dataframe "departments"
departments <- data.frame(
  dept_id = c(1, 2),
  dept_name = c("HR", "Engineering")
)

# Create dataframe "assignments"
assignments <- data.frame(
  emp_id = c(1, 3),
  dept_id = c(1, 2)
)

df_list <- list(
  employees = employees,
  departments = departments,
  assignments = assignments
)

relationships <- suggest_relationships(df_list)
#> Suggested 2 relationship(s).

erd_object <- create_erd(
  df_list = df_list,
  relationships = relationships
)

validate_erd(erd_object)
#> ERD validation: valid 
#> Errors: 0 | Warnings: 0

render_erd(erd_object)

Relationship suggestions are based on the available data and should always be reviewed before they are treated as database constraints.

Main functions

Function	Purpose
`suggest_relationships()`	Suggest relationships between data frames
`format_relationships()`	Convert a relationship specification into paste-ready R code
`create_erd()`	Create an ERD object
`validate_erd()`	Validate the ERD structure and optionally inspect observed cardinalities
`is_valid_erd()`	Return whether an ERD passes validation
`render_erd()`	Render an ERD
`perform_join()`	Join tables using relationships stored in an ERD

Suggesting relationships

suggest_relationships() examines pairs of data frames and evaluates possible join columns using information such as:

matching or similar column names;
columns with names that resemble identifiers;
uniqueness of potential keys; and
coverage of values between tables.

Start by creating a named list of data frames:

employees <- data.frame(
  emp_id = c(1, 2, 3),
  name = c("Alice", "Bob", "Charlie")
)

departments <- data.frame(
  dept_id = c(1, 2),
  dept_name = c("Human Resources", "Engineering")
)

assignments <- data.frame(
  assignment_id = 1:3,
  emp_id = c(1, 1, 3),
  dept_id = c(1, 2, 2)
)

df_list <- list(
  employees = employees,
  departments = departments,
  assignments = assignments
)

Generate the suggested relationships:

relationships <- suggest_relationships(
  df_list,
  quiet = TRUE
)

relationships
#> $employees
#> $employees$assignments
#> $employees$assignments$emp_id
#> [1] "emp_id"
#> 
#> $employees$assignments$relationship
#> [1] "||" "0<"
#> 
#> 
#> 
#> $departments
#> $departments$assignments
#> $departments$assignments$dept_id
#> [1] "dept_id"
#> 
#> $departments$assignments$relationship
#> [1] "||" "|<"
#> 
#> 
#> 
#> attr(,"suggestions")
#>    from_table    to_table from_columns to_columns relationship_left
#> 1   employees assignments       emp_id     emp_id                ||
#> 2 departments assignments      dept_id    dept_id                ||
#>   relationship_right score coverage_from_to coverage_to_from coverage_mean
#> 1                 0< 0.925        0.6666667                1     0.8333333
#> 2                 |< 1.000        1.0000000                1     1.0000000
#>   from_unique to_unique n_columns
#> 1        TRUE     FALSE         1
#> 2        TRUE     FALSE         1

The returned object uses the same relationship structure expected by create_erd().

Diagnostic information about the suggestions is stored in the "suggestions" attribute:

attr(relationships, "suggestions")
#>    from_table    to_table from_columns to_columns relationship_left
#> 1   employees assignments       emp_id     emp_id                ||
#> 2 departments assignments      dept_id    dept_id                ||
#>   relationship_right score coverage_from_to coverage_to_from coverage_mean
#> 1                 0< 0.925        0.6666667                1     0.8333333
#> 2                 |< 1.000        1.0000000                1     1.0000000
#>   from_unique to_unique n_columns
#> 1        TRUE     FALSE         1
#> 2        TRUE     FALSE         1

These diagnostics can be used to review the proposed join columns, relationship direction, key uniqueness, value coverage, and confidence score.

Creating paste-ready relationship code

Use format_relationships() to convert the suggested object into R code:

cat(format_relationships(relationships))
#> relationships <- list(employees = list(assignments = list(emp_id = "emp_id", relationship = c("||", 
#> "0<"))), departments = list(assignments = list(dept_id = "dept_id", 
#>     relationship = c("||", "|<"))))

To copy that code directly to the system clipboard during an interactive R session, use:

relationships <- suggest_relationships(
  df_list,
  copy = TRUE
)

Clipboard support requires the optional clipr package:

install.packages("clipr")

Creating and validating an ERD

After reviewing the suggested relationships, create the ERD object:

erd_object <- create_erd(
  df_list = df_list,
  relationships = relationships
)

validation <- validate_erd(erd_object)

validation
#> ERD validation: valid 
#> Errors: 0 | Warnings: 0

The validation result contains an issue table:

validation$issues
#> [1] severity   code       from_table to_table   n_affected message   
#> <0 rows> (or 0-length row.names)

It also contains a logical indicator of whether the ERD is valid:

validation$valid
#> [1] TRUE

For a direct logical result, use:

is_valid_erd(erd_object)
#> [1] TRUE

Structural and data validation

By default, validate_erd() distinguishes between structural errors and warnings based on the observed data.

Structural errors include problems such as:

references to tables that do not exist;
references to columns that do not exist;
malformed relationship specifications;
invalid cardinality symbols;
incompatible join-column types; and
duplicate definitions of the same relationship.

When check_data = TRUE, the function also compares the declared cardinalities with the values observed in the data:

validate_erd(
  erd_object,
  check_data = TRUE
)
#> ERD validation: valid 
#> Errors: 0 | Warnings: 0

Observed cardinality violations are warnings by default because a data sample may not fully represent the intended database constraints.

Use strict = TRUE to treat warnings as validation failures:

validate_erd(
  erd_object,
  check_data = TRUE,
  strict = TRUE
)
#> ERD validation: valid 
#> Errors: 0 | Warnings: 0

During progressive ERD construction, incomplete relationships can be permitted explicitly:

validate_erd(
  erd_object,
  check_data = FALSE,
  allow_incomplete = TRUE
)
#> ERD validation: valid 
#> Errors: 0 | Warnings: 0

Example 1: Basic ERD

The following example manually defines the relationships among employees, departments, and assignments.

library(ERDbuilder)

employees <- data.frame(
  emp_id = c(1, 2, 3),
  name = c("Alice", "Bob", "Charlie")
)

departments <- data.frame(
  dept_id = c(1, 2),
  dept_name = c("Human Resources", "Engineering")
)

assignments <- data.frame(
  assignment_id = 1:3,
  emp_id = c(1, 1, 3),
  dept_id = c(1, 2, 2)
)

relationships <- list(
  assignments = list(
    employees = list(
      emp_id = "emp_id",
      relationship = c(">|", "||")
    ),
    departments = list(
      dept_id = "dept_id",
      relationship = c(">0", "||")
    )
  )
)

erd_object <- create_erd(
  df_list = list(
    employees = employees,
    departments = departments,
    assignments = assignments
  ),
  relationships = relationships
)

validation <- validate_erd(
  erd_object,
  check_data = TRUE
)

validation
#> ERD validation: valid with warnings 
#> Errors: 0 | Warnings: 1 
#>  severity code                 from_table  to_table  n_affected
#>  warning  observed_cardinality assignments employees 1         
#>  message                                                                                                    
#>  The `assignments` side is declared `>|` (one or more), but 1 row(s) in `employees` violate that constraint.

Render the ERD:

erd_plot <- render_erd(
  erd_object,
  label_distance = 0,
  label_angle = -25
)

# erd_plot

To export the diagram, packages such as DiagrammeRsvg, rsvg, and tiff can be used:

library(DiagrammeRsvg)
library(rsvg)
library(tiff)

dpi <- 600
width_cm <- 38
height_cm <- 38

erd_plot |>
  DiagrammeRsvg::export_svg() |>
  charToRaw() |>
  rsvg::rsvg(
    width = width_cm * (dpi / 2.54),
    height = height_cm * (dpi / 2.54)
  ) |>
  tiff::writeTIFF("erd_plot.tiff")

Example 2: Crash, vehicle, occupant, and distraction data

This example creates a larger ERD and uses it to join four related tables.

library(ERDbuilder)
library(readr)

data_url <- paste0(
  "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/",
  "jwood-iastate/DataFiles/main/"
)

occupant_tbl <- read_csv(
  paste0(data_url, "OCC.csv"),
  show_col_types = FALSE
)

crash_tbl <- read_csv(
  paste0(data_url, "CRASH.csv"),
  show_col_types = FALSE
)

distract_tbl <- read_csv(
  paste0(data_url, "DISTRACT.csv"),
  show_col_types = FALSE
)

vehicle_tbl <- read_csv(
  paste0(data_url, "GV.csv"),
  show_col_types = FALSE
)

df_list <- list(
  Crash = crash_tbl,
  Vehicle = vehicle_tbl,
  Occupant = occupant_tbl,
  Distract = distract_tbl
)

The relationships can be suggested initially:

suggested_relationships <- suggest_relationships(df_list)

attr(suggested_relationships, "suggestions")

For this example, the reviewed relationship specification is:

relationships <- list(
  Crash = list(
    Vehicle = list(
      CASENUMBER = "CASENUMBER",
      relationship = c("||", "|<")
    ),
    Occupant = list(
      CASENUMBER = "CASENUMBER",
      relationship = c("||", "|<")
    ),
    Distract = list(
      CASENUMBER = "CASENUMBER",
      relationship = c("||", "0<")
    )
  ),
  Vehicle = list(
    Occupant = list(
      CASENUMBER = "CASENUMBER",
      VEHNO = "VEHNO",
      relationship = c("|0", "0<")
    ),
    Distract = list(
      CASENUMBER = "CASENUMBER",
      VEHNO = "VEHNO",
      relationship = c("||", "0<")
    )
  )
)

Create and validate the ERD:

erd_object <- create_erd(
  df_list = df_list,
  relationships = relationships
)

validate_erd(
  erd_object,
  check_data = TRUE
)

Join the tables:

# A many-to-many relationship may arise when Distract is joined after Crash,
# Vehicle, and Occupant have already been combined.

joined_data <- perform_join(
  erd_object,
  c("Crash", "Vehicle", "Occupant", "Distract")
)

Render the ERD:

erd_plot <- render_erd(
  erd_object,
  label_distance = 0,
  label_angle = 15,
  n = 20
)

erd_plot

Additional documentation

More detailed examples are available in the package vignettes:

browseVignettes("ERDbuilder")

The package website is available at:

https://gbasulto.github.io/ERDbuilder/

mirror server hosted at Truenetwork, Russian Federation.