To cite the underlying methodology, use:

Hainmueller J, Mummolo J, Xu Y (2019). “How Much Should We Trust Estimates from Multiplicative Interaction Models? Simple Tools to Improve Empirical Practice.” Political Analysis, 27(2), 163-192. doi:10.1017/pan.2018.46.

To cite the modern estimators (AIPW-Lasso, DML, GATE) and the practical guide, use:

Liu J, Liu Z, Xu Y (2025). “A Practical Guide to Estimating Conditional Marginal Effects: Modern Approaches.” doi:10.48550/arXiv.2504.01355. arXiv:2504.01355. Forthcoming as a Cambridge Element (Cambridge University Press), https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.01355.

To cite the R package, use:

Hainmueller J, Mummolo J, Qin T, Liu J, Liu Z, Xu Y (2026). interflex: Estimation, Diagnostics and Visualization of Conditional Marginal Effects. R package version 1.4.1, https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=interflex.

Corresponding BibTeX entries:

  @Article{,
    title = {How Much Should We Trust Estimates from Multiplicative
      Interaction Models? Simple Tools to Improve Empirical Practice},
    author = {Jens Hainmueller and Jonathan Mummolo and Yiqing Xu},
    journal = {Political Analysis},
    year = {2019},
    volume = {27},
    number = {2},
    pages = {163-192},
    doi = {10.1017/pan.2018.46},
  }

  @Misc{,
    title = {A Practical Guide to Estimating Conditional Marginal
      Effects: Modern Approaches},
    author = {Jiehan Liu and Ziyi Liu and Yiqing Xu},
    year = {2025},
    note = {arXiv:2504.01355. Forthcoming as a Cambridge Element
      (Cambridge University Press)},
    doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2504.01355},
    url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.01355},
  }

  @Manual{,
    title = {interflex: Estimation, Diagnostics and Visualization of
      Conditional Marginal Effects},
    author = {Jens Hainmueller and Jonathan Mummolo and Tianzhu Qin and
      Jiehan Liu and Ziyi Liu and Yiqing Xu},
    year = {2026},
    note = {R package version 1.4.1},
    url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=interflex},
  }