--
-- Copyright (c) 2021-2023 Zeping Lee
-- Released under the MIT license.
-- Repository: https://github.com/zepinglee/citeproc-lua
--

--[[
  A PEG-based implementation of a Bib(La)TeX database (.bib) parser
  References notes: scripts/bibtex-parser-notes.md
--]]


-- @module bibtex_parser
local bibtex_parser = {}

local unicode 
local bibtex_data 
local util 
if kpse then
  unicode = require("citeproc-unicode")
  bibtex_data = require("citeproc-bibtex-data")
  util = require("citeproc-util")
else
  unicode = require("citeproc.unicode")
  bibtex_data = require("citeproc.bibtex-data")
  util = require("citeproc.util")
end

local lpeg = require("lpeg")
local latex_parser = nil  -- load as needed


local P = lpeg.P
local R = lpeg.R
local S = lpeg.S
local C = lpeg.C
local Cc = lpeg.Cc
local Cf = lpeg.Cf
local Cg = lpeg.Cg
local Cmt = lpeg.Cmt
local Cp = lpeg.Cp
local Ct = lpeg.Ct
local V = lpeg.V


-- Learned from <http://boston.conman.org/2020/06/05.1>.
local function case_insensitive_pattern(str)
  local char = R("AZ", "az") / function (c) return P(c:lower()) + P(c:upper()) end
               + P(1) / function (c) return P(c) end
  return Cf(char^1, function (a, b) return a * b end):match(str)
end

-- Merge multiple white spaces to one
local function normalize_white_space(str)
  local res = string.gsub(str, "%s+", " ")
  return res
end


-- Based on the grammar described at <https://github.com/aclements/biblib>.
local function get_bibtex_grammar()
  local comment = (1 - P"@")^0
  local space = S(" \t\r\n")^0
  local comment_cmd = case_insensitive_pattern("comment")
  local balanced = P{ "{" * V(1)^0 * "}" + (1 - S"{}") }
  local ident = (- R"09") * (R"\x20\x7F" - S" \t\"#%'(),={}")^1

  local piece = (P"{" * (balanced^0 / normalize_white_space) * P"}")
                + (P'"' * ((balanced - P'"')^0 / normalize_white_space) * P'"')
                + C(R("09")^1)
                + C(ident) / function (name)
                  return {
                    category = "string",
                    name = string.lower(name),
                  }
                end
  local value = Ct(piece * (space * P"#" * space * piece)^0)

  local string_body = Cg(ident / string.lower, "name") * space * P"=" * space * Cg(value, "contents")
  local string_cmd = Ct(Cg(Cc"string", "category") * case_insensitive_pattern("string") * space * (
    P"{" * space * string_body * space * P"}"
    + P"(" * space * string_body * space * P")"
  ))

  local preamble_body = Cg(value, "contents")
  local preamble_cmd = Ct(Cg(Cc"preamble", "category") * case_insensitive_pattern("preamble") * space * (
    P"{" * space * preamble_body * space * P"}"
    + P"(" * space * preamble_body * space * P")"
  ))

  local key = (1 - S", \t}\r\n")^0
  local key_paren = (1 - S", \t\r\n")^0
  local field_value_pair = (ident / string.lower) * space * P"=" * space * value  -- * record_success_position()

  local entry_body = Cf(Ct"" * (P"," * space * Cg(field_value_pair))^0 * (P",")^-1, rawset)
  local entry = Ct(Cg(Cc"entry", "category") * Cg(ident / string.lower, "type") * space * (
    P"{" * space * Cg(key, "key") * space * Cg(entry_body, "fields")^-1 * space * (P"}")
    + P"(" * space * Cg(key_paren, "key") * space * Cg(entry_body, "fields")^-1 * space * (P")")
  ))

  local command_or_entry = P"@" * space * (comment_cmd + preamble_cmd + string_cmd + entry)

  -- The P(-1) causes nil parsing result in case of error.
  local bibtex_grammar = Ct(comment * (command_or_entry * comment)^0) * P(-1)

  return bibtex_grammar
end


local function concat_strings(pieces, strings)
  local value = ""
  for _, piece in ipairs(pieces) do
    if type(piece) == "string" then
      value = value .. piece
    elseif type(piece) == "table" and piece.category == "string" then
      local piece_str = strings[piece.name]
      if piece_str then
        value = value .. piece_str
      else
        util.warning(string.format('String name "%s" is undefined."', piece.name))
      end
    end
  end
  value = normalize_white_space(value)
  return value
end


-- The parser class
---@class BibtexParser
local BibtexParser = {
  grammar = get_bibtex_grammar(),
  -- config
  strings = {},
  options = {
    -- allow_escaped_braces = true,
    convert_to_unicode = false,
    -- common_strings = false,
    split_names = false,
    split_name_parts = false,
  },
  -- variables
  name_fields = {},
}

---Create a new BibtexParser instance.
---@return BibtexParser
function BibtexParser:new()
  local obj = {}

  obj.options = util.clone(self.options)

  for field, info in ipairs(bibtex_data.fields) do
    if info.type == "name" then
      obj.name_fields[field] = true
    end
  end

  setmetatable(obj, self)
  self.__index = self
  return obj
end


---@alias BibtexEntry { key: string, type: string, fields: table<string, string> }
---@alias BibtexData table
---@alias Exception table

---comment
---@param bib_str string
---@param strings table
---@return BibtexData?
---@return Exception[]?
function BibtexParser:parse(bib_str, strings)
  if strings then
    strings = setmetatable({}, {__index = strings})
  else
    strings = setmetatable({}, {__index = self.strings})
  end
  if type(bib_str) ~= "string" then
    util.error("Invalid string.")
  end
  local bib_objects = self.grammar:match(bib_str)
  if not bib_objects then
    local error = {
      type = "error",
      message = "BibTeX parser error.",
    }
    return nil, {error}
  end

  local res = {
    ---@type BibtexEntry[]
    entries = {},
    ---@type table<string, BibtexEntry>
    entries_by_id = {},
    strings = {},
    preamble = nil,
  }
  local exceptions = {}

  for _, object in ipairs(bib_objects) do
    if object.category == "entry" then
      local entry = self:_make_entry(object, strings)
      table.insert(res.entries, entry)
      res.entries_by_id[entry.key] = entry

    elseif object.category == "string" then
      local string_value = concat_strings(object.contents, strings)
      strings[object.name] = string_value
      res.strings[object.name] = string_value

    elseif object.category == "preamble" then
      local value = concat_strings(object.contents, strings)
      if res.preamble then
        res.preamble = res.preamble .. "\n" .. value
      else
        res.preamble = value
      end

    -- elseif object.category == "comment" then
    -- Is this really needed?

    elseif object.category == "exception" then
      -- TODO

    end
  end

  return res, exceptions
end


function BibtexParser:_make_entry(object, strings)
  object.category = nil
  for field, value in pairs(object.fields) do
    value = concat_strings(value, strings)

    if self.options.convert_to_unicode then
      if kpse then
        latex_parser = latex_parser or require("citeproc-latex-parser")
      else
        latex_parser = latex_parser or require("citeproc.latex-parser")
      end
      value = latex_parser.latex_to_unicode(value)
    end

    if self.name_fields[field] then
      if self.options.split_names then
        value = bibtex_parser.split_names(value)
        if self.options.split_name_parts then
          for i, name in ipairs(value) do
            value[i] = bibtex_parser.split_name_parts(name)
          end
        end
      end
    end

    object.fields[field] = value
  end
  return object
end


-- continuation byte
local utf8_cont = lpeg.R("\128\191")

local utf8_char = lpeg.R("\0\127")
                  + lpeg.R("\194\223") * utf8_cont
                  + lpeg.R("\224\239") * utf8_cont * utf8_cont
                  + lpeg.R("\240\244") * utf8_cont * utf8_cont * utf8_cont

local space_char = S(" \t\r\n")
local space = space_char^1
local white_space = space_char^0
local balanced = P { "{" * V(1) ^ 0 * "}" + (P "\\{" + P "\\}" + 1 - S "{}") }
local utf8_balanced = P { "{" * V(1) ^ 0 * "}" + (P "\\{" + P "\\}" + utf8_char - S "{}") }

-- The case-insensitivity trick is taken from <http://boston.conman.org/2020/06/05.1>.
local function ignore_case(str)
  local char = R("AZ", "az") / function (c) return P(c:lower()) + P(c:upper()) end
               + P(1) / function (c) return P(c) end
  return Cf(char^1, function (a, b) return a * b end):match(str)
end


---@alias NameDict table
---@alias NameStr string

---Split BibTeX names
---@param str NameStr name field value
---@return NameStr[]
function bibtex_parser.split_names(str)
  local delimiter_and = ignore_case("and") * (space + -1)
  local name = (balanced - space * delimiter_and)^1
  local names = Ct(((white_space * delimiter_and) + C(name))^0)
  return names:match(str)
end

---Split BibTeX name parts
---@param str NameStr single name string
---@return NameDict
function bibtex_parser.split_name_parts(str)
  str = util.strip(str)
  if string.match(str, ",$") then
    util.warning(string.format('Name "%s" has has a comma at the end.', str))
    str = string.gsub(str, ",$", '')
  end

  local comma = P","
  local comma_part = (balanced - comma)^0
  local comma_parts = Ct(C(comma_part) * (comma * white_space * C(comma_part))^0)
  local parts = comma_parts:match(str)

  local name = {}
  if #parts == 1 then
    name = bibtex_parser._split_first_von_last_parts(parts[1])
  elseif #parts == 2 then
    name = bibtex_parser._split_von_last_parts(parts[1])
    if parts[2] ~= "" then
      name.first = parts[2]
    end
  elseif #parts == 3 then
    name = bibtex_parser._split_von_last_parts(parts[1])
    if parts[2] ~= "" then
      name.jr = parts[2]
    end
    if parts[3] ~= "" then
      name.first = parts[3]
    end
  elseif #parts > 3 then
    util.warning()
    name = bibtex_parser._split_last_jr_fist_parts(util.slice(parts, 1, 3))
  else
    util.warning()
  end

  return name
end

local function is_lower_word(word)
  -- Word is a list of tokens
  for _, token in ipairs(word) do
    if string.match(token, "^{") then
      if string.match(token, "^{\\") then
        -- Special characters, level 0
        local token_content
        if string.match(token, "^{\\%w+") then
          token_content = string.gsub(token, "^{\\%w+%s*", "")
        else
          token_content = string.gsub(token, "^{\\.%s*", "")
        end
        token_content = string.gsub(token, "}%s*$", "")
        for i = 1, #token_content do
          local char = string.sub(token_content, i, i)
          if unicode.islower(char) then
            return true
          elseif unicode.isupper(char) then
            return false
          end
        end
      end
    else
      if unicode.islower(token) then
        return true
      elseif unicode.isupper(token) then
        return false
      end
    end
  end
  return false
end

local function join_words_and_seps(words, seps, start, stop)
  local tokens = {}
  for i = start, stop do
    if i > start then
      table.insert(tokens, seps[i])
    end
    for _, token in ipairs(words[i]) do
      table.insert(tokens, token)
    end
  end
  local res = table.concat(tokens, "")
  if res == "" then
    return nil
  end
  return res
end

function bibtex_parser._split_first_von_last_parts(str)
  local word_sep = P"-" + P"~" + P(util.unicode['no-break space'])
  local word_tokens = Ct(C(utf8_balanced - space_char - word_sep)^0)
  local words_and_seps = Ct(word_tokens * (C(space + word_sep) * word_tokens)^0)
  local pieces = words_and_seps:match(str)

  local words = {}
  local seps = { "" }

  for _, piece in ipairs(pieces) do
    if type(piece) == "table" then
      table.insert(words, piece)
    else
      table.insert(seps, piece)
    end
  end

  local von_start = 0
  local von_stop = 0

  local first_stop = #words - 1
  local last_start = #words

  -- for i, word_or_sep in ipairs(part) do
  for i = 1, #words - 1 do
    local word = words[i]
    if is_lower_word(word) then
      if von_start == 0 then
        von_start = i
      end
      von_stop = i
    end
  end

  -- util.debug(von_start)
  -- util.debug(von_stop)

  local name = {}

  if von_stop > 0 then
    name.von = join_words_and_seps(words, seps, von_start, von_stop)
    last_start = von_stop + 1
    first_stop = von_start - 1
  end

  name.last = join_words_and_seps(words, seps, last_start, #words)

  if first_stop > 0 then
    name.first = join_words_and_seps(words, seps, 1, first_stop)
  end

  return name
end

function bibtex_parser._split_von_last_parts(str)
  local word_sep = P"-" + P"~" + P(util.unicode['no-break space'])
  local word_tokens = Ct(C(utf8_balanced - space_char - word_sep)^0)
  local words_and_seps = Ct(word_tokens * (C(space + word_sep) * word_tokens)^0)
  local pieces = words_and_seps:match(str)

  local words = {}
  local seps = {""}

  for _, piece in ipairs(pieces) do
    if type(piece) == "table" then
      table.insert(words, piece)
    else
      table.insert(seps, piece)
    end
  end

  local von_stop = 0
  local last_start = 1

  -- for i, word_or_sep in ipairs(part) do
  for i = #words - 1, 1, -1 do
    local word = words[i]
    if is_lower_word(word) then
      von_stop = i
      break
    end
  end

  local name = {}

  if von_stop > 0 then
    name.von = join_words_and_seps(words, seps, 1, von_stop)
    last_start = von_stop + 1
  end
  name.last = join_words_and_seps(words, seps, last_start, #words)

  return name
end


bibtex_parser._default_parser = BibtexParser:new()


---comment
---@param bib_str string input string
---@param strings table<string, string> strings
---@return BibtexData?, Exception[]?
function bibtex_parser.parse(bib_str, strings)
  return bibtex_parser._default_parser:parse(bib_str, strings)
end


bibtex_parser.BibtexParser = BibtexParser


return bibtex_parser
