12.5. Mail User Agents
There are scores of mail programs available under Red Hat Enterprise Linux. There are full-featured, graphical email client programs, such as Mozilla Mail or Ximian Evolution, as well as text-based email programs such as mutt.
For instructions on using these applications, refer to the chapter titled Email Applications in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Step By Step Guide.
The remainder of this section focuses on securing communication between the client and server.
12.5.1. Securing Communication
Popular MUAs included with Red Hat Enterprise Linux, such as Mozilla Mail, Ximian Evolution, and mutt offer SSL-encrypted email sessions.
Like any other service that flows over a network unencrypted, important email information, such as usernames, passwords, and entire messages, may be intercepted and viewed by users on the network. Additionally, since the standard POP and IMAP protocols pass authentication information unencrypted, it is possible for an attacker to gain access to user accounts by collecting usernames and passwords as they are passed over the network.
12.5.1.1. Secure Email Clients
Most Linux MUAs designed to check email on remote servers support SSL encryption. To use SSL when retrieving email, it must be enabled on both the email client and server.
SSL is easy to enable on the client-side, often done with the click of a button in the MUA's configuration window or via an option in the MUA's configuration file. Secure IMAP and POP have known port numbers (993 and 995, respectively) that the MUA uses to authenticate and download messages.
12.5.1.2. Securing Email Client Communications
Offering SSL encryption to IMAP and POP users on the email server is a simple matter.
First, create an SSL certificate. This can be done two ways: by applying to a Certificate Authority (CA) for an SSL certificate or by creating a self-signed certificate.
 | Caution |
|---|---|
Self-signed certificates should be used for testing purposes only. Any server used in a production environment should use an SSL certificate granted by a CA. |
To create a self-signed SSL certificate for IMAP, change to the /usr/share/ssl/certs/ directory and type the following command as root:
make imapd.pem |
Answer all of the questions to complete the process.
To create a self-signed SSL certificate for POP, change to the /usr/share/ssl/certs/ directory, and type the following command as root:
make ipop3d.pem |
Again, answer all of the questions to complete the process.
Once finished, use the /sbin/service command to start the appropriate daemon (imaps or pop3s). Then, set the imaps or the pop3s service to start at the proper runlevels using an initscript utility, such as the Services Configuration Tool (redhat-config-services). Refer to Section 1.4.2 Runlevel Utilities for more information about initscript utilities.
Alternatively, the stunnel command can be used as an SSL encryption wrapper around the standard, non-secure daemons, imapd or pop3d.
The stunnel program uses external OpenSSL libraries included with Red Hat Enterprise Linux to provide strong cryptography and protect the connections. It is best to apply to a certificate authority to obtain an SSL certificate, but it is also possible to create a self-signed certificate.
To create a self-signed SSL certificate, change to the /usr/share/ssl/certs/ directory, and type the following command:
make stunnel.pem |
Again, answer all of the questions to complete the process.
Once the certificate is generated, it is possible to use the stunnel command to start the imapd mail daemon using the following command:
/usr/sbin/stunnel -d 993 -l /usr/sbin/imapd imapd |
Once this command is issued, it is possible to open an IMAP email client and connect to the email server using SSL encryption.
To start the pop3d using the stunnel command, type the following command:
/usr/sbin/stunnel -d 995 -l /usr/sbin/pop3d pop3d |
For more information about how to use stunnel, read the stunnel man page or refer to the documents in the /usr/share/doc/stunnel-<version-number>/ directory, where <version-number> is the version number for stunnel.