Network Working Group S. Casner
Request for Comments: 3556 Packet Design
Category: Standards Track July 2003
Session Description Protocol (SDP) Bandwidth Modifiers
for RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Bandwidth
Status of this Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
This document defines an extension to the Session Description
Protocol (SDP) to specify two additional modifiers for the bandwidth
attribute. These modifiers may be used to specify the bandwidth
allowed for RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) packets in a Real-time
Transport Protocol (RTP) session.
1. Introduction
The Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP), RFC 3550 [1], includes a
control protocol RTCP which provides synchronization information from
data senders and feedback information from data receivers.
Normally, the amount of bandwidth allocated to RTCP in an RTP session
is 5% of the session bandwidth. For some applications, it may be
appropriate to specify the RTCP bandwidth independently of the
session bandwidth. Using a separate parameter allows rate-adaptive
applications to set an RTCP bandwidth consistent with a "typical"
data bandwidth that is lower than the maximum bandwidth specified by
the session bandwidth parameter. That allows the RTCP bandwidth to
be kept under 5% of the data bandwidth when the rate has been adapted
downward.
On the other hand, there may be applications that send data at very
low rates but need to communicate extra RTCP information, such as APP
packets. These applications may need to specify RTCP bandwidth that
is higher than 5% of the data bandwidth.
Casner Standards Track [Page 1]
RFC 3556 SDP Bandwidth Modifiers for RTCP Bandwidth July 2003 The RTP specification allows a profile to specify that the RTCP bandwidth may be divided into two separate session parameters for those participants which are active data senders and those which are not. Using two parameters allows RTCP reception reports to be turned off entirely for a particular session by setting the RTCP bandwidth for non-data-senders to zero while keeping the RTCP bandwidth for data senders non-zero so that sender reports can still be sent for inter-media synchronization. Turning off RTCP reception reports is not recommended because they are needed for the functions listed in the RTP specification, particularly reception quality feedback and congestion control. However, doing so may be appropriate for systems operating on unidirectional links or for sessions that do not require feedback on the quality of reception or liveness of receivers and that have other means to avoid congestion. This memo defines an extension to the Session Description Protocol (SDP) [3] to specify RTCP bandwidth for senders and non-senders (receivers). 2. SDP Extensions The Session Description Protocol includes an optional bandwidth attribute with the following syntax: b=<modifier>:<bandwidth-value> where <modifier> is a single alphanumeric word giving the meaning of the bandwidth figure, and where the default units for <bandwidth- value> are kilobits per second. This attribute specifies the proposed bandwidth to be used by the session or media. A typical use is with the modifier "AS" (for Application Specific Maximum) which may be used to specify the total bandwidth for a single media stream from one site (source). This memo defines two additional bandwidth modifiers: b=RS:<bandwidth-value> b=RR:<bandwidth-value> where "RS" indicates the RTCP bandwidth allocated to active data senders (as defined by the RTP spec) and "RR" indicates the RTCP bandwidth allocated to other participants in the RTP session (i.e., receivers). The exact behavior induced by specifying these bandwidth modifiers depends upon the algorithm used to calculate the RTCP reporting interval. Different algorithms may be specified by different RTP profiles. Casner Standards Track [Page 2]
RFC 3556 SDP Bandwidth Modifiers for RTCP Bandwidth July 2003 For the RTP A/V Profile [2], which specifies that the default RTCP interval algorithm defined in the RTP spec [1] is to be used, at least RS/(RS+RR) of the RTCP bandwidth is dedicated to active data senders. If the proportion of senders to total participants is less than or equal to RS/(RS+RR), each sender gets RS divided by the number of senders. When the proportion of senders is greater than RS/(RS+RR), the senders get their proportion of the sum of these parameters, which means that a sender and a non-sender each get the same allocation. Therefore, it is not possible to constrain the data senders to use less RTCP bandwidth than is allowed for non-senders. A few special cases are worth noting: o If RR is zero, then the proportion of participants that are senders can never be greater than RS/(RS+RR), and therefore non-senders never get any RTCP bandwidth independent of the number of senders. o Setting RS to zero does not mean that data senders are not allowed to send RTCP packets, it only means that they are treated the same as non-senders. The proportion of senders (if there are any) would always be greater than RS/(RS+RR) if RR is non-zero. o If RS and RR are both zero, it would be unwise to attempt calculation of the fraction RS/(RS+RR). The bandwidth allocation specified by the RS and RR modifiers applies to the total bandwidth consumed by all RTCP packet types, including SR, RR, SDES, BYE, APP and any new types defined in the future. The <bandwidth-value> for these modifiers is in units of bits per second with an integer value. NOTE: This specification was in conflict with the initial SDP spec in RFC 2327 which prescribes that the <bandwidth-value> for all bandwidth modifiers should be an integer number of kilobits per second. This discrepancy was forced by the fact that the desired RTCP bandwidth setting may be less than 1 kb/s. At the 44th IETF meeting in Minneapolis, two solutions were considered: allow fractional values, or specify that the units for these particular modifiers would be in bits per second. The second choice was preferred so that the syntax would not be changed. The SDP spec is being modified [4] to advance to Draft Standard, and will allow this change in semantics. Casner Standards Track [Page 3]
RFC 3556 SDP Bandwidth Modifiers for RTCP Bandwidth July 2003 3. Default values If either or both of the RS and RR bandwidth specifiers are omitted, the default values for these parameters are as specified in the RTP profile in use for the session in question. For the Audio/Video Profile, RFC 3551 [2], the defaults follow the recommendations of the RTP spec: o The total RTCP bandwidth is 5% of the session bandwidth. If one of these RTCP bandwidth specifiers is omitted, its value is 5% minus the value of the other one, but not less than zero. If both are omitted, the sender and receiver RTCP bandwidths are 1.25% and 3.75% of the session bandwidth, respectively. o At least RS/(RS+RR) of of the RTCP bandwidth is dedicated to active data senders. When the proportion of senders is greater than RS/(RS+RR) of the participants, the senders get their proportion of the sum of these parameters. This memo does not impose limits on the values that may be specified with the RR and RS modifiers, other than that they must be non- negative. However, the RTP specification and the appropriate RTP profile may specify limits. 4. Precedence An SDP description consists of a session-level description (details that apply to the whole session and all media streams) and zero or more media-level descriptions (details that apply only to a single media stream). Bandwidth specifiers may be present either at the session level to specify the total bandwidth shared by all media, or in the media sections to specify the bandwidth allocated to each medium, or both. This is true for the two RTCP bandwidth modifiers defined here as well. Since the bandwidth allocated to RTCP is a fraction of the session bandwidth when not specified explicitly using the modifiers defined here, there is an interaction between the session bandwidth and RTCP bandwidth specifiers at the session and media levels of the SDP description. The precedence of these specifiers is as follows, with (1) being the highest precedence: 1) Explicit RR or RS specifier at media level 2) Explicit RR or RS specifier at session level 3) Default based on session bandwidth specifier at media level Casner Standards Track [Page 4]
RFC 3556 SDP Bandwidth Modifiers for RTCP Bandwidth July 2003 4) Default based on session bandwidth specifier at session level In particular, the relationship of (2) and (3) means that if the RR bandwidth is specified as zero at the session level, that turns off RTCP transmission for non-data-senders in all media. 5. Example An example SDP description is: v=0 o=mhandley 2890844526 2890842807 IN IP4 126.16.64.4 s=SDP Seminar i=A Seminar on the session description protocol c=IN IP4 224.2.17.12/127 t=2873397496 2873404696 m=audio 49170 RTP/AVP 0 b=AS:64 b=RS:800 b=RR:2400 m=video 51372 RTP/AVP 31 b=AS:256 b=RS:800 b=RR:2400 In this example, the explicit RTCP bandwidths for the audio medium are equal to the defaults and so could be omitted. However, for the video medium, the RTCP bandwidths have been set according to a data bandwidth of 64 kb/s even though the maximum data bandwidth is specified as 256 kb/s. This is based on the assumption that the video data bandwidth will automatically adapt to a lower value based on network conditions. Casner Standards Track [Page 5]
RFC 3556 SDP Bandwidth Modifiers for RTCP Bandwidth July 2003 6. IANA Considerations RFC 2327 [3] requires that new bandwidth modifiers be registered with IANA by reference to a standards-track RFC specifying the semantics of the bandwidth modifier precisely, indicating when it should be used, and why the existing registered bandwidth specifiers do not suffice. This document is intended to satisfy those requirements. In the "bwtype" table of the Session Description Protocol (SDP) Parameters registry, the following two new bandwidth modifier names have been registered: RS RR 7. Security Considerations This memo defines bandwidth modifier keywords as an extension to SDP, so the security considerations listed in the SDP specification apply to session descriptions containing these modifiers as with any other. The bandwidth value supplied with one of these modifiers could be unreasonably large and cause the application to send RTCP packets at an excessive rate, resulting in a denial of service. This is similar to the risk that an unreasonable bandwidth could be specified for the media data, though encoders generally have a limited bandwidth range. Applications should apply validity checks to all parameters received in an SDP description, particularly one which is not authenticated. This memo cannot specify limits because they are dependent on the RTP profile and application. 8. References 8.1 Normative References [1] Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R. and V. Jacobson, "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications," RFC 3550, July 2003. [2] Schulzrinne, H. and S. Casner, "RTP Profile for Audio and Video Conferences with Minimal Control", RFC 3551, July 2003. [3] Handley, M. and V. Jacobson, "SDP: Session Description Protocol", RFC 2327, April 1998. Casner Standards Track [Page 6]
RFC 3556 SDP Bandwidth Modifiers for RTCP Bandwidth July 2003 8.2 Informative References [4] Handley, M., Jacobson, V. and C. Perkins, "SDP: Session Description Protocol", Work in Progress. 9. Author's Address Stephen L. Casner Packet Design 3400 Hillview Avenue, Building 3 Palo Alto, CA 94304 United States Phone: +1 650 739-1843 EMail: casner@acm.org Casner Standards Track [Page 7]
RFC 3556 SDP Bandwidth Modifiers for RTCP Bandwidth July 2003 10. Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003). All Rights Reserved. This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than English. The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns. This document and the information contained herein is provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Acknowledgement Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the Internet Society. Casner Standards Track [Page 8]
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