Network Working Group E. Allman
Request for Comments: 3885 Sendmail, Inc.
Updates: 3461 T. Hansen
Category: Standards Track AT&T Laboratories
September 2004
SMTP Service Extension
for Message Tracking
Status of this Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004).
Abstract
This memo defines an extension to the SMTP service whereby a client
may mark a message for future tracking.
1. Other Documents and Conformance
The model used for Message Tracking is described in [RFC-MTRK-MODEL].
Doing a Message Tracking query is intended as a "last resort"
mechanism. Normally, Delivery Status Notifications (DSNs) [RFC-DSN-
SMTP] and Message Disposition Notifications (MDNs) [RFC-MDN] would
provide the primary delivery status. Only if the message is not
received, or there is no response from either of these mechanisms
should a Message Tracking query be issued.
The definition of the base64 token is imported from section 6.8 of
[RFC-MIME]. Formally,
base64 = %x2b / %x2f / %x30-39 / %x41-5a / %x61-7a
Allman & Hansen Standards Track [Page 1]
RFC 3885 Message Tracking ESMTP Extension September 2004 The definition of the DIGIT token is imported from [RFC-MSGFMT]. Formally, DIGIT = %x30-39 Syntax notation in this document conforms to [RFC-ABNF]. The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119 [RFC-KEYWORDS]. 2. SMTP Extension Overview The Message Tracking SMTP service extension uses the SMTP service extension mechanism described in [RFC-ESMTP]. The following service extension is hereby defined: (1) The name of the SMTP service extension is "Message Tracking". (2) The EHLO keyword value associated with this extension is "MTRK". (3) No parameters are allowed with this EHLO keyword value. Future documents may extend this specification by specifying parameters to this keyword value. (4) One optional parameter using the keyword "MTRK" is added to the MAIL command. In addition, the ENVID parameter of the MAIL command (as defined in RFC 3461) MUST be supported, with extensions as described below. The ORCPT parameter of the RCPT command (as defined in RFC 3461) MUST also be supported. All semantics associated with ENVID and ORCPT described in RFC 3461 MUST be supported as part of this extension. (5) The maximum length of a MAIL command line is increased by 40 characters by the possible addition of the MTRK keyword and value. Note that the 507 character extension of RCPT commands for the ORCPT parameter and the 107 character extension of MAIL commands for the ENVID parameter as mandated by RFC 3461 [RFC- DSN-SMTP] must also be included. (6) No SMTP verbs are defined by this extension. Allman & Hansen Standards Track [Page 2]
RFC 3885 Message Tracking ESMTP Extension September 2004 3. The Extended MAIL Command The extended MAIL command is issued by an SMTP client when it wishes to inform an SMTP server that message tracking information should be retained for future querying. The extended MAIL command is identical to the MAIL command as defined in [RFC-SMTP], except that MTRK, ORCPT, and ENVID parameters appear after the address. 3.1. The MTRK parameter to the ESMTP MAIL command Any sender wishing to request the retention of data for further tracking of message must first tag that message as trackable by creating two values A and B: A = some-large-random-number B = SHA1(A) The large random number A is calculated on a host-dependent basis. See [RFC-RANDOM] for a discussion of choosing good random numbers. This random number MUST be at least 128 bits but MUST NOT be more than 1024 bits. The 128-bit hash B of A is then computed using the SHA-1 algorithm as described in [NIST-SHA1]. The sender then base64 encodes value B and passes that value as the mtrk-certifier on the MAIL command: mtrk-parameter = "MTRK=" mtrk-certifier [ ":" mtrk-timeout ] mtrk-certifier = base64 ; authenticator mtrk-timeout = 1*9DIGIT ; seconds until timeout A is stored in the originator's tracking database to validate future tracking requests as described in [RFC-MTRK-MTQP]. B is stored in tracking databases of compliant receiver MTAs and used to authenticate future tracking requests. The mtrk-timeout field indicates the number of seconds that the client requests that this tracking information be retained on intermediate servers, as measured from the initial receipt of the message at that server. Servers MAY ignore this value if it violates local policy. In particular, servers MAY silently enforce an upper limit to how long they will retain tracking data; this limit MUST be at least one day. If no mtrk-timeout field is specified then the server should use a local default. This default SHOULD be 8-10 days and MUST be at least one day. Notwithstanding this clause, the information MUST NOT be Allman & Hansen Standards Track [Page 3]
RFC 3885 Message Tracking ESMTP Extension September 2004 expired while the message remains in the queue for this server: that is, an MTQP server MUST NOT deny knowledge of a message while that same message sits in the MTA queue. If the message is relayed to another compliant SMTP server, the MTA acting as the client SHOULD pass an mtrk-timeout field equal to the remaining life of that message tracking information. Specifically, the tracking timeout is decremented by the number of seconds the message has lingered at this MTA and then passed to the next MTA. If the decremented tracking timeout is less than or equal to zero, the entire MTRK parameter MUST NOT be passed to the next MTA; essentially, the entire tracking path is considered to be lost at that point. See [RFC-DELIVERYBY] section 4 for an explanation of why a timeout is used instead of an absolute time. 3.2. Use of ENVID To function properly, Message Tracking requires that each message have a unique identifier that is never reused by any other message. For that purpose, if the MTRK parameter is given, an ENVID parameter MUST be included, and the syntax of ENVID from RFC 3461 is extended as follows: envid-parameter = "ENVID=" unique-envid unique-envid = local-envid "@" fqhn local-envid = xtext fqhn = xtext The unique-envid MUST be chosen in such a way that the same ENVID will never be used by any other message sent from this system or any other system. In most cases, this means setting fqhn to be the fully qualified host name of the system generating this ENVID, and local- envid to an identifier that is never re-used by that host. In some cases, the total length of (local-envid + fqhn + 1) (for the `@' sign) may exceed the total acceptable length of ENVID (100). In this case, the fqhn SHOULD be replaced by the SHA1(fqhn) encoded into BASE64. After encoding, the 160 bit SHA-1 will be a 27 octet string, which limits local-envid to 72 octets. Implementors are encouraged to use an algorithm for the local-envid that is reasonably unique. For example, sequential integers have a high probability of intersecting with sequential integers generated by a different host, but a SHA-1 of the current time of day concatenated with the host's IP address and a random number are unlikely to intersect with the same algorithm generated by a different host. Allman & Hansen Standards Track [Page 4]
RFC 3885 Message Tracking ESMTP Extension September 2004 Any resubmissions of this message into the message transmission system MUST assign a new ENVID. In this context, "resubmission" includes forwarding or resending a message from a user agent, but does not include MTA-level aliasing or forwarding where the message does not leave and re-enter the message transmission system. 3.3. Forwarding Tracking Certifiers MTAs SHOULD forward unexpired tracking certifiers to compliant mailers as the mail is transferred during regular hop-to-hop transfers. If the "downstream" MTA is not MTRK-compliant, then the MTRK= parameter MUST be deleted. If the downstream MTA is DSN- compliant, then the ENVID and ORCPT parameters MUST NOT be deleted. If aliasing, forwarding, or other redirection of a recipient occurs, and the result of the redirection is exactly one recipient, then the MTA SHOULD treat this as an ordinary hop-to-hop transfer and forward the MTRK=, ENVID=, and ORCPT= values; these values MUST NOT be modified except for decrementing the mtrk-timeout field of the MTRK= value, which MUST be modified as described in section 4.1 above. MTAs MUST NOT copy MTRK certifiers when a recipient is aliased, forwarded, or otherwise redirected and the redirection results in more than one recipient. However, an MTA MAY designate one of the multiple recipients as the "primary" recipient to which tracking requests shall be forwarded; other addresses MUST NOT receive tracking certifiers. MTAs MUST NOT forward MTRK certifiers when doing mailing list expansion. 4. Security Considerations 4.1. Denial of service An attacker could attempt to flood the database of a server by submitting large numbers of small, tracked messages. In this case, a site may elect to lower its maximum retention period retroactively. 4.2. Confidentiality The mtrk-authenticator value ("A") must be hard to predict and not reused. The originating client must take reasonable precautions to protect the secret. For example, if the secret is stored in a message store (e.g., a "Sent" folder), the client must make sure the secret isn't accessible by attackers, particularly on a shared store. Allman & Hansen Standards Track [Page 5]
RFC 3885 Message Tracking ESMTP Extension September 2004 Many site administrators believe that concealing names and topologies of internal systems and networks is an important security feature. MTAs need to balance such desires with the need to provide adequate tracking information. In some cases site administrators may want to treat delivery to an alias as final delivery in order to separate roles from individuals. For example, sites implementing "postmaster" or "webmaster" as aliases may not wish to expose the identity of those individuals by permitting tracking through those aliases. In other cases, providing the tracking information for an alias is important, such as when the alias points to the user's preferred public address. Therefore, implementors are encouraged to provide mechanisms by which site administrators can choose between these alternatives. 5. IANA Considerations IANA has registered the SMTP extension defined in section 3. 6. Acknowledgements Several individuals have commented on and enhanced this document, including Philip Hazel, Alexey Melnikov, Lyndon Nerenberg, Chris Newman, and Gregory Neil Shapiro. 7. References 7.1. Normative References [RFC-MTRK-MODEL] Hansen, T., "Message Tracking Model and Requirements", RFC 3888, September 2004. [RFC-MTRK-MTQP] Hansen, T., "Message Tracking Query Protocol", RFC 3887, September 2004. [RFC-ABNF] Crocker, D., Ed. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF", RFC 2234, November 1997. [RFC-ESMTP] Klensin, J., Freed, N., Rose, M., Stefferud, E., and D. Crocker, "SMTP Service Extensions", STD 10, RFC 1869, November 1995. [RFC-KEYWORDS] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. Allman & Hansen Standards Track [Page 6]
RFC 3885 Message Tracking ESMTP Extension September 2004 [RFC-MIME] Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996. [NIST-SHA1] NIST FIPS PUB 180-1, "Secure Hash Standard" National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, May 1994. [RFC-SMTP] Klensin, J., Ed., "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol", RFC 2821, April 2001. [RFC-MSGFMT] Resnick, P., Ed., "Internet Message Format", RFC 2822, April 2001. 7.2. Informational References [RFC-DELIVERYBY] Newman, D., "Deliver By SMTP Service Extension", RFC 2852, June 2000. [RFC-DSN-SMTP] Moore, K., "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) Service Extension for Delivery Status Notifications (DSNs)", RFC 3461, January 2003. [RFC-MDN] Hansen, T. and G. Vaudreuil, Eds., "Message Disposition Notification", RFC 3798, May 2004. [RFC-RANDOM] Eastlake, D., Crocker, S., and J. Schiller, "Randomness Recommendations for Security", RFC 1750, December 1994. Allman & Hansen Standards Track [Page 7]
RFC 3885 Message Tracking ESMTP Extension September 2004 8. Authors' Addresses Eric Allman Sendmail, Inc. 6425 Christie Ave, 4th Floor Emeryville, CA 94608 U.S.A. Phone: +1 510 594 5501 Fax: +1 510 594 5429 EMail: eric@Sendmail.COM Tony Hansen AT&T Laboratories Middletown, NJ 07748 U.S.A. Phone: +1 732 420 8934 EMail: tony+msgtrk@maillennium.att.com Allman & Hansen Standards Track [Page 8]
RFC 3885 Message Tracking ESMTP Extension September 2004 9. Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004). This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights. This document and the information contained herein are provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Intellectual Property The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be found in BCP 78 and BCP 79. Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at http://www.ietf.org/ipr. The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at ietf- ipr@ietf.org. Acknowledgement Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the Internet Society. Allman & Hansen Standards Track [Page 9]
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